Abstract:In the early 19th century, with the establishment of the capitalist system, the English bourgeois democracy was developing increasingly. Also the relation between the Church and state was divided which gradually brought about the establishment of the police system. The British detective fiction gestated and developed all along rooted in the soil of its social life. The whirligig of time and society along with progress of science and technology were quickly reflected in detective fiction. With the aftermath of World WarⅡ, it brought great changes to world politics and profound effect to its literature. English detective novelists, represented by Conan Doyle, all selected such kind of subjects and contents which were characterized by the development of politics, economy and science and etc. Therefore, after our study in these novels, we can get a more real Britain in all respects since several centuries. 

Key words: Conan Doyle; detective fiction; Britain; social development

摘要:十九世纪初期，随着英国资本主义制度确立，资产阶级民主日益发展。政教分离使得警察体制逐步建立起来。英国侦探小说的孕育和发展都始终植根于其社会生活的土壤中。时代和社会的变迁至科学技术的进步，都迅速地折射到侦探小说中来。第二次世界大战后，世界政治发生了巨大变化，并对文学产生深刻影响。以柯南道尔为代表的英国侦探小说家在其创作的题材以及内容的选择中都具有清晰反应其政治经济以及科技等方面的发展这一特点。因此，通过对英式侦探小说的研读我们可以对过去几个世纪以来英国的各个方面有更加真实的了解。

关键词：柯南道尔,侦探小说,英国,社会发展