译文（字数 3850）：

全球化及中国的外商直接投资和区域创新

张一、Hein Roelfsema

摘要

本文探讨了中国的对外开放和创新差异之间的联系。1995 - 2010年期间,我们发现区域吸引外国直接投资(FDI)和出口变得更加创新。我们将进一步展示一种全球化u型关系,地区收入水平和创新,低中等收入和最先进的地区从全球化中获益的增加的创新，更高的中等收入地区从全球化中获得小的创新。我们提供证据表明,对外商投资的所有权结构的差异和外包驱动结果导致了上述现象的发生。

关键词:全球化，创新，区域发展，中国。

1、介绍

在过去的20年中,中国逐步开放市场,进口和引进外国直接投资(FDI)。自2001年以来,出口导向的增加推动了中国加入世界贸易组织(WTO),进一步支持出口和对外投资流。到目前为止,外商投资的强劲增长及其对国内经济和社会发展的影响得到了相当大的学术和政策的关注。虽然对外贸易和FDI可以说使数亿人摆脱了贫困,有两个主要的长期担忧。首先,中国仍被视为世界工厂,将资源集中于低成本生产并重点组装段供应链的地区。一个关键问题是随着时间的推移,中国企业是否能够通过创新升级他们的能力,使他们能够提供更高的价值。如果对外开放提高公司和员工的创新能力,这是一个重要的自由化和发展之间的联系。第二担心中国的外部经济开放的放大了跨地区收入差距,最富有的地区也从贸易和外商直接投资获益最多。从长远来看,这样增加了区域性差异提供不可持续的迁移流动和压力，可能会增加社会不安定。

外文原文（字符数 17007）：

Globalization, Foreign Direct Investment, and RegionalInnovation in China

Yi Zhang and Hein Roelfsema,

This paper explores the connection between the external opening of China and differences in innovation across Chinese regions. For the period 1995–2010, we find that regions that attract inward foreign direct investment (FDI) and exports have become more innovative. Further, we show a U-shaped relation between globalization, regional income levels, and innovation, where both the lower middle-income and the most advanced regions gain from globalization in terms of increased innovation. The higher middle-income regions gain little from globalization in terms of innovation. We provide evidence that differences in ownership structures of foreign investments and outsourcing drive the results.Keywords: Globalization; innovation; regional development; China

.1. Introduction

Over the last 20 years, China has gradually opened its market to imports and inward foreign direct investments (FDI). Since 2001, the increased outward orientation of China is cemented by its entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO), further supporting exports and outward investment flows. To date, the drivers of the strong rise of inward FDI and its effects on domestic economic and social development have received considerable academic and policy attention. Although external trade and FDI arguably have lifted hundreds of millions out of poverty, there are two major long-term concerns. First, China is still seen as the factory of the world, concentrating resources on low cost production with a strong focus on the assembly segment of the supply chain. A key concern is whether over time Chinese firms are able to upgrade their competence through innovation, enabling them to supply inputs with a higher value added, so as to capture a larger share of total revenues in consumer markets. If external opening improves the innovative capabilities of firms and workers, this is an important link between liberalization and development. Second, an oft-voiced concern in Chinais that external opening of the economy magnifies the income disparities acrossregions, as the richest regions are also benefitting most from trade and FDI. In the long run, such increased regional disparities provide pressures for unsustainable migration flows and may add to social unrest.