摘要:魏晋动乱残酷的社会现实以及长期以来对大自然真纯的热爱铸造了陶渊明的“由仕而隐”。他对人生的悲叹、政治的忧伤，都在对自然和田园质朴的爱恋中得到了安息，他将整个生命都倾注于田园之中，他在清静、恬淡的田园生活中超然于世；然而他又属于“天下有道则仕，无道则隐”的志世者，他的入世不是为了苟得一官、永图安逸，而是想拯济苍生、收复故土让人民安居乐业，这又注定他无法成为“浑身静穆”的隐者。因此他的一生都在出世与入世的思想中挣扎。

关键词：陶渊明；诗文；透视；归隐

Abstract:The cruel social reality of the turmoil Wei and Jin dynasty and his long-lasted true love for the great nature consisted the main reasons of Tao Yuanming’s “withdraw from the officialdom and live in solitude”. His lament about life and distress about politics was smoothed over by the simple and pure love of nature. He kept himself aloof from the human society and was tived in the countryside where he enjoyed tranquillity and leisure. However, he was not a pure recluse. Because he believed in “be an officer when the society is in well order, but a recluse when it is under disorder.” He actually never gave up the mind of being a upright and clean handed officer who could save all of the lives, resume the lost territory and make the people live and work in peace. So he struggled for seclusion or not for the whole life.

Key words: Tao Yuanming; Essays and Poems; Perspective; Seclusion

　　　陶渊明的归隐具有独特的个性特征，既形隐而神未隐。他的一生都在出世与入世的思想中挣扎，最终他属于“天下有道则仕，无道则隐”的志世者，他有大济于苍生、让人民安居乐业的宏图大志，但他的大志需要借助东晋这台锈钝的国家机器来实现。因此，陶渊明的入世不是为了苟得一官、永图安逸，而是想要拯济苍生和收复故土，救人民于水深火热之中，这是何等的可歌可泣，他的这种不戚戚于贫贱，不汲汲于富贵的精神是其它仕人无所及的。他的归隐寄寓了自己与世抗争的慷慨情怀，是他出世和入世思想激烈挣扎的结果，是人生无奈的选择。