摘要：随着村民选举的进行，越来越多的影响村民选举的因素也逐渐显露，尤其是家族势力对选举活动的渗透引起了很多学者的关注。宗族在中国已有数千年的历史了，数千年的宗族文化、宗法意识的浸淫，使得宗族在中国社会根深蒂固，特别是在相对封闭落后的广大农村，宗族的能量更加强大。本文从宗族的角度出发，对昆山各村的村民选举进行研究，结合对相关文献的研读，综合指出宗族因素对村民选举有着正反两方面的影响。在此基础上，分析产生影响的原因，就如何应对此影响，引导宗族健康发展以及如何进一步完善村民选举制度确保农村民主政治的不断进步给出相关建议，使村民选举更加科学民主。

关键词： 宗族  村民选举  影响  对策

Abstract: Along with the growing of electoral system in countryside, more and more negative impacts about the system gradually become evident. The ingrained influence of clan on election events in countryside draws a great many scholars attention. The culture of clans has developed for thousand of years, and the awareness of clans have deep-rooted in china. Especially in the vast countryside which is isolated and backward to some degree, the clans exert a considerable influence on the election. Based on the standpoint of clans, this paper studies the election in country sides of Kunshan. Through the way of studying on some relative documents, this paper points out that clans bear both positive and negative influence on election events in countryside. Upon this basis, this paper analyzes the reason how clans influence the election. This paper gives some suggestions about how to handle the negative influence of clans so as to guide the healthy development of clans. This paper also proposes some ideas of improving the election system in countryside in order to make sure the process in socialist democracy of countryside, and make the election a more scientific democracy.

Keywords: Clans; Elections in countryside; Influence; Solutions

　　中华文明是带着血缘的脐带进入文明门槛的，中国古代社会是一个以血缘为基础的、伦理型的宗法制社会。在宗法社会中，血缘观念是人们情感交流的心理基础。在乡村社会，皇权因为距离遥远因而变得松弛和微弱，宗族力量成了乡土秩序的实际维护者。

　　村民选举中的“选举”是由人民普选出代表人民意志，服务于人民的代理人，它是现代选举，是一种具有公认规则的程序形式，人们据此从所有人或一些人中选择几个人或一个人担任一定职务。宗族：谓同宗同族之人。学者们大多将“宗族”与“家族”混用，不加以区分，即将它看作是：“由男系血缘关系的各个家庭，在宗法观念的规范下组成的社会组织”。本文基本上是在这一意义上使用宗族这一概念的。研究宗族对村民选举的影响中，各学者都有不同的看法，本文首先试图从正反两方面提出宗族对村民选举的影响。