摘要:制造业一直是支持我国经济发展的重要行业之一，在推动我国现代化建设中，起到了举足轻重的作用。然而，在全球金融危机和外需减缓背景下，高成本时代的来临，以及外贸摩擦与争端的频繁出现，使得原本就技术储备不足、竞争层次与手段相对底下的中国制造业深陷危局。本文从企业和市场两个层面概述了我国制造业发展现状，进一步剖析了要素成本全面上涨和贸易摩擦与人民币汇率持续升值对制造业的负面影响，并从政府和企业两个层面提出了突破困境的政策建议。本文认为，制造业自始至终都是我国现代化建设过程中不可或缺的重要力量，制造业的成功转型将给我国经济发展带来不可估量的良性影响。制造业危局既是一个挑战，也是一个机遇亦或是一个警示。我国制造业应从构建自主创新的激励机制，转变外贸增长方式， 加大经贸协调等环境建设入手，通过培育企业核心竞争力，推进企业从“成本优势”向“技术优势”的转变，实现我国制造业可持续平稳健康发展。

关键词：制造业  要素成本  人民币汇率  贸易摩擦  转型

Abstract:Manufacturing is always support the economic development of China is one of the important industry, in promoting our country's modern construction, has played a pivotal role. However, in the global financial crisis and the slowing economy by the background, the high costs of times, and foreign trade frictions and disputes appear frequently make original technical reserves is insufficient, competition levels and means of China's manufacturing industry under relative in crisis. This paper, from the enterprise and market two levels in China was summarized the current situation of the development of manufacturing industry, and further analyzes the comprehensive factor costs rise and trade friction and continued appreciation of RMB exchange rate of manufacturing negative effects, and from the government and enterprise two level put forward policy Suggestions breakthrough dilemma. This paper argues that, manufacturing from beginning to end is our country modernization process indispensable important strength, the success of the manufacturing industry transition to China's economic development to bring immeasurable benign influence. Manufacturing is a crisis of challenges and opportunities also or a warning. Our manufacturing should start from building the independent innovation of incentive mechanism, the transformation of foreign trade growth mode, and increase the economic and trade coordination of environmental construction, through cultivating the core competitive force of the enterprise, to promote the enterprise from the "cost advantage" to "technology advantage" of change, realize sustainable healthy development of Chinese manufacturing smooth.

Keywords:  Manufacturing  Element cost  RMB exchange rate  Trade friction Transformation

制造业的发展，给世界带来了发展与繁荣。美国、日本等欧洲国家就是因为制造业的发展，从而使其达到了发达国家水平。同样，制造业对我国的发展也很关键。改革开放以来，制造业的发展带动了各个行业，也使得制造业成为了我国经济发展的中流砥柱。尽管我国已经成为公认的制造业大国，但其综合水平和整体实力仍与许多发达国家有着无法逾越的差距。中国先前的高速发展，很大一部分驱动源于几乎不计成本的人力资源，以及对自然资源肆无忌惮的开发使用，而现行人力、资源成本急速上升，环境整治成本费用上涨，“双反”等贸易摩擦加剧，人民币面临持续升值的压力，碳排放等新的国际争端出现等，致使中国制造业成本翻倍，不少资产、技术实力不足的企业纷纷倒闭破产。随着我国对外贸易形势的日益严峻，原本就技术储备不足、竞争优势的层次底下的中国制造业步入了一个极为尴尬的危局。