摘要:冲突行为是幼儿与同伴或教师之间频繁发生的一种社会互动形式，本文以幼儿园中存在的各种冲突行为为观察对象，基于伦理学视角将其进行分类，通过对中、大班幼儿进行故事访谈，发现中、大班幼儿对道德、习俗领域冲突行为进行了区别对待，主要表现在：对于道德领域冲突行为进行判断及行为选择时，行为的错误不在于（是否）存在着支配性的社会规则，并且现有的标准是不能改变的；对于习俗领域冲突行为进行判断及行为选择时，行为的错误在于存在支配性的社会规则，并且现有的标准是可以改变的。对于四个领域的行为规则发表看法时，中班幼儿由于道德认知水平的限制，他们更容易受到教师权威的影响。而大班幼儿则更有自己的主见，敢于表达出自己的想法。对于道德领域冲突行为和美德领域冲突行为，幼儿并未做出明显的区别对待。行为的错误不在于（是否）存在支配性的规则，不管老师是否这样要求，幼儿们都认为“不应该打人”和“应该把玩具分享给其他小朋友”。美德是一种值得鼓励的价值观在个性品行中的体现，基于“善”而非基于“对”。幼儿対美德与道德赋予了同样的普遍性，这种现象从另一个侧面反映出家长与教师们的教育观——希望幼儿成为讲文明，有礼貌的好人。

关键词: 冲突；习俗领域；个人领域；道德领域；美德领域

Abstract:Conflict behavior is a frequent form social interaction those happened within kids and teachers.In the paper, the observe object of the various conflicts that exist in kindergartens,based on the classification of ethics and interviews,we found that the moral conduct,customs area of conflict can be take the differentiation treats in the kids who study in medium or big class.It is mainly in:the field of conflict for acts of moral judgments and behavior choices, the behavior is not wrong (whether) there is dominance Of social rules, and existing standards can not be changed; for practices to determine areas of conflict, the conduct and behavior choice, error behavior is dominant social rules exist, and existing standards can be changed. Rules of conduct for the four areas of comment, the Intermediate level of care because of cognitive limitations and moral, they are more vulnerable to the impact of teacher authority. Because of moral cognitive limitation, The middle class children are more  dare to express their own ideas. The field of conflict behavior and the moral virtues of the field of conflict behavior, the child did not make a clear distinction. Behavior is not wrong (whether) there is a dominant rule, regardless of whether such a request the teacher, child care have all agreed that "should not be hit"and"should share their toys  with other kids. " Is a virtue to be encouraged in the values reflected in the personal conduct, based on "good" not based on "right ".For virtue and morality , children give the same universality of it.this phenomenon reflect from anthor perspective that parents and teachers’ educational philosophy - hope the children to be a civilized, polite man.

[Key words] conflict;  moral areas; customs area; individual areas; virtues areas

问题的提出

　　冲突是人们在互动过程中较常发生的一种行为，对于冲突，人们的视点大多会停留在怎样解决冲突上，而很少会抱有一种“剖开现象看本质”的心态去审视冲突本身。为什么会发生冲突？冲突发生的背后是否还隐藏着些什么？…这些似乎我们都没认真思考过。在幼儿园中，冲突行为也是一种较常见的现象。对于这种现象，教师们通常会加以制止或简单地处理，而很少会去关心幼儿们对冲突行为本身会有什么看法。笔者在实习的过程中，就遇到对于某一冲突行为，老师与幼儿意见不一的现象，而正是这一现象，激发了我的研究兴趣：幼儿们会怎样看待冲突行为？对于冲突行为又会做出怎样的评价？他们的评判依据是什么？等等，带着这些问题，我展开了我的研究。