内容简介

《语言的简史》这本书的作者是英国语言学家和学者David Crystal。他的研究和作品主要涉及语调、文体学、应用语言学、语言教学、第一语言习得等领域。值得一提的是他最有名的书《剑桥语言百科全书》，是由剑桥大学出版社和英国英语百科全书出版的。《语言的简史》是2010出版的一本语言学著作。由于其被读者们喜欢的简单的风格和可读性，已经被翻译成希腊语，葡萄牙语和其他语言。书中的很多地方都是值得细读的，读者受益良多。

我的任务是将这本书的第5至8章就内容、理想、风格和文化差异方面准确地翻译成中文。第五章的内容主要是关于发现语法。只是单个的语音不表达意义，但将多个音按一定顺序发出便产生意义。第六章的主要内容是发现语法。只是单个的语音不表达意义，但将多个音按一定顺序发出便产生意义。第七章的主要内容是进行对话。小孩5岁大的时候，已经掌握他们母语里所有的发音、上百种语法和上千个词，可以进行一场对话了，但是他们应当遵循谈话基本原则——按次序说话，即听——说——听——说——听。对话过程中，小孩不得不学着去有礼貌地与人对话，认真去听，进行反馈，并理解说话者的意思。第八章的主要内容是学习读写。小孩从很小就接触到语言的书写形式并且潜移默化中进行着阅读练习，尽管存在许多阅读困难，但是大多小孩几年间就可以学会阅读，并明白音节顺序和逐个读出字母的技巧。

小论文主要总结翻译该文本的指导思想和翻译过程中的遇到的困难及解决方法等，主要通过举例讲述自己的翻译方法。最后从社会发展的角度阐述翻译的重要性和实用性。

INTRODUCTION

 The book A Little Book of Language is written by David Crystal. He is a British linguist and scholar. His study and works mainly involve intonation, stylistics, applied linguistics, language teaching, first language acquisition, and other fields. It is worth mentioning that his most famous book is Cambridge language encyclopedia published by University of Cambridge press and the Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English language.A Little Book of Language is a linguistic work published in 2010. Because of its simple style and readability by all readers, it has been translated into Greek, Portuguese and other languages. In the book many things are worth scrutinizing and readers can benefit a lot from it.

My task is to translate chapter 5-8of this book into correct Chinese in terms of content, ideals, style and cultural differences. The fifth chapter is mainly about pronouncing sounds.This chapter uses the consonant [d] and the consonant [t] to illustrate the same pronunciation parts, and the difference between the pronunciation. The sixth chapter is mainly about discovering grammar. Only a single voice does not express the meaning, but the number of sounds issued in a certain order will have meaning.The seventh chapter is mainly about having a conversation. When the child is 5 years old, he has mastered all the sounds hundreds of grammar and thousands of words in his native language,and he can engage in a conversation, but they should follow the basic principles of conversation - speak in order, speak- listen - speak - listen. During the conversation, the child has to learn to talk politely, to listen, to give feedback, and to understand the meaning of the speaker. The eighth chapter is mainly about learning to read and write. Children are familiar with the language of writing , although there are many reading difficulties, but most children can learn to read in a few years, and they can understand the syllable order and read the letters one by one.

Essay on translation practice mainly introduce the guiding thinking of translating this chapter and the method to solve the difficulties.Through listing some examples ,show my progress during this practice.From the development of society ,I explain the practicability and the functionality of translation.