摘要：目前，我国的利率市场化改革已进行到贷款利率限制完全放开，下一步就是放开存款利率上限这一阶段。利率市场化改革就如同一把双刃剑，既给商业银行带来了机遇，又带来了挑战。它对商业银行最直接的影响就是改变了利率的决定方式，利率决定权由央行交给了市场，使得商业银行和其他金融机构有权自主决定利率水平，这无疑加剧了市场竞争和利率风险，对商业银行的传统业务造成了冲击，也对商业银行以存贷利差为主要利润来源的盈利模式造成了冲击。但从另一方面来说，它也给商业银行带来了前所未有的转型机遇，促进了商业银行建立起科学合理的利率定价机制、完善内部风险防范体系、大力发展中间业务和表外业务、开展金融工具创新等，使商业银行的经营更加符合现代经济发展的趋势，走科学合理的长远发展之路。

关键词：利率市场化改革 定价机制 逆向选择 机遇与挑战

Abstract：At present, China's market-oriented interest rate reform has proceeded to completely liberalize lending rate limit, the next step is to release the deposit interest rate cap at this stage. Interest rate reform is like a double edged sword, both opportunities to commercial banks, but also a challenge. It has the most direct impact on the commercial banks is to change the way the interest rate decision, the interest rate decision by the central bank to the market, making the commercial banks and other financial institutions have the right to decide on interest rates, which will undoubtedly intensify competition in the market and interest rate risk, the traditional business of commercial banks caused the impact, but also for commercial banks to deposit spreads as the main source of profits caused by the impact of the profit model. On the other hand, it also gives commercial banks unprecedented transformation of the opportunity to promote the commercial banks to establish a scientific and reasonable interest rate pricing mechanism, improve internal risk prevention system, develop intermediary business and balance sheet business, to carry out innovative financial instruments, so that the operation of commercial banks more in line with the trend of modern economic development, and take the road of scientific and rational development of the long-term.

Key words：interest rate reform  pricing mechanisms  adverse selection  opportunities and challenges