摘要:上市公司在国民经济中影响力不断扩大，但是我国上市公司普遍存在着资本结构不够合理的问题。资本结构作为企业运营的基础，它反映了企业相关利益需求，影响了企业的行为特征和企业价值，对企业的获利能力及生存发展都起着至关重要的作用，合理的资本结构有利于规范企业行为，提升企业价值，不健全的资本结构完全可以导致企业破产。因此，本文从国内外资本结构理论研究成果出发，简要介绍了资本结构理论的发展历程、资本结构内涵以及西方资本结构理论的启示。并以光明乳业为具体案例，通过分析其资本结构现状，以及与同行业竞争对手之间的比较，分析其资本结构影响因素，并具体提出优化对策。

关键词 资本结构；上市公司；影响因素；优化

Abstract:The influence  of  listed companies  in the national economy continues to expand, but listed companies generally  have the problems of unreasonable capital structure .The capital structure is basis in a company, which reflects the related benefit demand of the company, affects the behavior and enterprise value, plays an important role on the profitability and the subsistence and development of enterprises. The reasonable capital structure is conducive to standardize enterprise behavior and improve enterprise value. Unreasonable capital structure can lead to bankruptcy. Therefore, this thesis reviews the research of domestic and foreign scholars on the capital structure，briefly introduces the development of capital structure theory and capital structure connotation as well as the western capital structure theory. This thesis will take Bright Dairy as a specific case and analyze its influencing factors of capital structure and put forward optimizing countermeasures  through the analysis of its present situation of capital structure and comparation with competitors in the same industry.

Keywords  capital structure  listed company  influential factors  optimize