Abstract:With the development of cognitive science, cognitive linguistics came into being in the 1970s, and some of the cognitive tools have been applied to the analysis to literature since the 1980s.The cognitive approach focus on the cognitive structure and process of the linguistic choices in literature. Cognitive poetics is a new discipline appeared in twenty century with the literary reading and analysis turning to the cognitive approach. In 1983, Professor Reuven Tsur of the University of Tel Aviv, Israel, used the term “cognitive poetics”for the first time and used this theory to reinterprete litrerature, to research the relationship of literary structure and literary effects. The cognitive poetics regards poetry as a stylistic art of language which express one’s ambition and ideology and as an important way to express strong emotion. To study poetry by cognitive poetics, we not only study the external form of the peotic text, but study the psychological effects and language features of poetry basing on the cognitive models. The main cognitive tools used in cognitive poetics are the figure-background, image schemas, cognitive metaphors and deictic shift theory and so on. In this article, I also try to use the cognitive poetics to interpret British and American literary poetry, to excavate the profound meaning of these poems and to give readers a better understanding of these three poems. What’s more, to explain the developing potential of cognitive poetics in literary analysis as well as the breadth and depth of the use of cognitive poetics’ tools.

Key words: British and American poems; Cognitive poetics; Cognitive metaphors; Figure-background.

摘要:随着认知科学的发展，认知语言学于20世70年代形成并逐步发展，在80年代许多认知工具已经在文学分析中得以应用. 认知角度重点放在文学中语言选择的认知结构和过程上，认知诗学（cognitive poetics）是20世纪末随着文学阅读和分析的“认知转向”而迅速崛起的一门年轻学科。1983年，以色列特拉维夫的大学教授Reuven Tsur首次使用“认知诗学”这一术语，并运用这一理论来重新阐述文学，研究文学结构和文学效果之间的关系。认知诗学认为，诗歌是一种表达志向和思想的语言艺术文体，是表达强烈情感的一种重要方式。用认知诗学来研究诗歌，不仅是研究诗歌文本的外在形式，更重要的研究诗歌的以认知模式为基础的心理效应以及所产生的语言特征。认知诗学中主要运用的认知工具有图形-背景，意象图式，认知隐喻，指示转移等。本文旨在通过运用这些认知诗学方法对英美文学诗歌进行分析和解读,挖掘诗歌的深意,更好的让读者了解诗歌,并说明认知诗学工具的功用以及认知诗学的在文学作品中的发展潜力。

关键词：认知诗学；英美诗歌；认知隐喻；图形背景