Abstract:The famous writer, literature and transcendental philosopher, Henry David Thoreau was a pioneer of the 19th century American contemporary environmentalism movement. He is a philosopher who focuses on the spiritual and ecological construction of society and humanity. Walden mainly describes that Thoreau came to the lake alone and spent more than two years to actively explore the meaning and value of life. Through the description of the natural environment, the text expresses a series of ecological philosophy thoughts that "people and other species are equal, human beings are the part of nature, people and nature should live in harmony". 

In terms of ecologism, he advocates that man and nature should live in harmony. Human beings should not sacrifice their ecological environment for the purpose of seeking benefits. In terms of social ecology, he advocates that human beings should control material desires, rational life and rational consumption. And he proposed the social ecological concept of the harmonious development of civilization and nature. In terms of spiritual ecology, Thoreau emphasizes that human beings must have their own unique spiritual world, and constantly improves ourselves, and strives to pursue the substance of truth under these conditions. 

Key words: Thoreau; Walden; ecological ideology; human beings and nature

Contents

Abstract

中文摘要

Introduction-1

I. The Reflection of Ecological Ideology in Walden-3

A.-The Greatness and Charm of Nature-3

B.-The Value of Nature-3

C.-Harmony between Man and Nature-4

II. The Characteristics of the Ecological Ideology in Walden-7

A.-Poetic Life-7

B.-Life Community-8

III. The Causes of Ecological Ideology-11

A.-The Special Living Environment of Thoreau-11

B.-The Influence of Emerson and Transcendentalism-11

1. The Influence of Emerson-12

2. The Influence of Transcendentalism-12

C.-The Lonely Nature of the Spiritual World in Industrial Society-13

Conclusion-15

Bibliography-17

Acknowledgements-19