中文摘要：言语幽默是日常交际中一种常见的语言现象，在人际交往中占有独特的地位。20世纪70年代，语言学家开始从不同的语言学角度研究言语幽默,语用学便是其中之一。但从语用预设的角度剖析的研究还不够。通过使用语用预设，人们可以实现交际目的，从而使跨文化交际成功并且产生讽刺和幽默。

本文旨在研究预设对言语交际的影响。作者从语用预设的角度探讨言语幽默如何产生。基于第89届奥斯卡颁奖礼上的语料库的言语幽默，作者利用语料库分析法和归纳分析法并从语用预设的角度，探究第89届奥斯卡颁奖礼上言语幽默是如何产生的。具体地说，作者首先分析了所选语料中体现的美式幽默中常见的主题，以此便于人们更好地理解预设。主题包括种族问题、主题政治问题、女性问题和日常生活问题。接着作者利用语用预设的主观性、合适性、可撤销性、共识性以及可添加性去分析美式幽默的产生过程。

最终研究发现，通过运用主观性，违背合适性，运用可撤销性、共识性以及可添加性，发话者可以制造言语幽默。此外，当发话者运用语用预设时，有时再运用一些特定的美式幽默的主题和表达方式能更好地创造幽默。这样人们就能更好地理解美式言语幽默，进而欣赏美国幽默，并能用幽默的语言进行有效的人际交流。

关键词：语用预设；语用预设特性；美式言语幽默；人际交往

Table of Contents

ABSTRACT

中文摘要

1 Introduction-1

1.1 Background of the Study-1

1.2 Significance and Objectives of the Study-2

1.3 Layout of the Study-2

2 Literature Review-3

2.1 Previous Studies on Presupposition-3

2.1.1 Definition and Development of Presupposition-3

2.1.2 Two Approaches to Presupposition-3

2.1.3 Previous studies on Pragmatic Presupposition-4

2.1.3.1 Definition and Development of Pragmatic Presupposition-4

2.1.3.2 Features of Pragmatic Presupposition-4

2.2 Previous Studies on American Verbal Humor-6

2.3 Previous Studies on Verbal Humor in Annual Academy Awards-6

3 Research Methodology-6

3.1 Corpus of the Research-7

3.2 Case Analysis-7

4 Analysis of Verbal Humor in The 89th Annual Academy Award under the Theory of Pragmatic Presupposition-7

4.1 The Methods of Expressing American Verbal Humor-8

4.1.1 Pun-8

4.1.2 Allusion-8

4.1.3 Irony-9

4.2 The Themes of American Verbal Humor-9

4.2.1 Racial Issues-10

4.2.2 Political Issues-10

4.2.3 Feminist Issues-11

4.2.4 Daily Life Issues-11

4.3 Verbal Humor Realized Through Features of Pragmatic Presupposition-12

4.3.1 Verbal Humor Realized through Subjectivity-12

4.3.2 Verbal Humor Realized through Violating Appropriateness-13

4.3.2.1 Lack of Appropriateness-13

4.3.2.2 Cancellation of Appropriateness-14

4.3.3 Verbal Humor Realized through Defeasibility-15

4.3.4 Verbal Humor Realized through Mutual Knowledge-16

4.3.4.1 Application of Mutual Knowledge-16

4.3.4.2 Lack of Mutual Knowledge-16

4.3.4.3 Intentional Cancellation of Mutual Knowledge-17

4.3.5 Verbal Humor Realized through Additivity-17

5 Conclusion-18

5.1 Major Findings-18

5.2 Limitations and Suggestions for Future Studies-19

References-21