Table of Contents

Abstract

摘要

1. Introduction-1

1.1 Research Background-1

1.2 Thesis Structure-1

2. Literature Review-2

2.1 Translation Process-2

2.2 Old Focus in Translating-3

2.3 Dynamic Equivalence-3

2.3.1 Nida’s Concept of Translation Equivalence-3

2.3.2 Definition of Dynamic Equivalence-5

2.3.3 Aesthetic Values of Dynamic Equivalence-6

2.3.4 Influence of Dynamic Equivalence-6

3. Methodology-7

3.1 Research Questions-7

3.2 Research Method-7

4. Analysis of the Three Translated Versions of Youth-8

4.1 General knowledge on Youth and its three translated versions-8

4.2 Equivalence at different levels-8

4.2.1 At the lexical level-8

4.4.2 At the syntactic level-10

4.2.3 At the rhetorical level-12

4.2.4 At the semantic level-13

4.2.5 At the stylistic level-14

4.3 Comparison of the versions at different equivalence levels-14

4.3.1 Formal equivalence: ZCV-15

4.3.2 Semantic equivalence: HCV-15

4.3.3 Stylistic equivalence: XCV-15

4.4 Reasons for choosing XCV over others-16

5. Conclusion-17

5.1 Summary-17

5.2 Limitation-17

References-18

Acknowledgements-19