Abstract: Apology is a kind of important social intercourse, just like expressing one's thanks, promise and command, and it has close relation with people's daily life. It relates to social interaction, intercultural communication, and specific linguistic theories, such as the Speech Act Theory, Face Theory and Politeness Principle. But there hasn’t been enough research on apology in traditional linguistic studies, because it lays emphasis on language not on speech. In recent years, people pay more and more attention to apology with the development of pragmatics. The thesis attempts to study the restriction factors of apology speech act so as to announce the characteristics of apology speech act and then to offer the reference research of other speech acts, opening up the vision for the research of the speech acts.

Key words: apology; speech act; restriction factor

摘要：道歉是一种重要的交际活动，和道谢、许诺、命令一样，与人们的日常生活密切相关。道歉语不仅涉及社会交往，跨文化交流，还关联到特定的语言学理论，如言语行为理论、面子理论以及礼貌原则。传统语言学，因为其重点在于语言本体的研究，而非言语的研究，所以对道歉的研究并不多。近几十年来，伴随着语用学的兴起，道歉言语行为引起了越来越多的关注。本文试图通过研究道歉言语行为的制约因素，揭示道歉这种言语行为的特点，进而为其他言语行为的研究提供方法论上的借鉴，为言语行为的研究开拓视野。

关键词：道歉；言语行为；制约因素