Abstract：Lord of the Flies, the masterpiece of William Golding, is an important philosophical novel, taking the innocence of the children to explore the serious theme of human nature. When the author writes about the evil, it does not mean he approves it. In dealing with the already-controversial subjects of the evil of human nature, the author tries to help us understand our own evil so as to pave a way for the redemption of the evil in human nature. Taking Sigmund Freud's structural model of the psyche theory as the guide, making the characters in the novel as the research object, this thesis analyzes the conflicts among id, ego, and superego as presented in the novel to reveal Golding's optimism embedded in pessimism.

Key Words: id; ego; superego; human nature

摘要：《蝇王》是威廉•戈尔丁的代表作，是一本重要的哲理小说，借小孩的天真来探讨人性这一严肃主题。但作者在说明人性本恶的同时并不赞成罪恶, 他旨在通过对《蝇王》人性本恶的表述促使人类认识自身之恶, 以达解救并改善自身之目的,为人性提供一条救赎之路。本文以弗洛伊德的人格结构理论为指导，以小说中的人物为研究对象，分析小说中本我、自我与超我之间的较量以及超我最终如何取得胜利，旨在揭示戈尔丁笔下悲观的乐观主义情怀。 

关键词：自我；本我；超我；人性