Abstract:In order to make the meaning more vivid, colorful and appropriate, compellation and the name of place are often used to replace other things, and they have different rules to demonstrate. In this article, the writer attempts to show how to use these rules for antonomasia of compellation and the name of place. Briefly, compellation often has three categories of antonomasia. The first is that the special appellation substitutes for the general term. The second is that the authors substitute for their works. The third is that the pioneer substitutes for the original thing. The name of place usually also has three categories of antonomasia. The first is that the site substitutes for the institution or organization. The second is that the place of origin substitutes for the product. The third is that the name of place substitutes something.

Key words: antonomasia; substitute; noumenon; conversion

中文摘要:为了使所要表达的意思更加形象、丰富、恰当，借代常被用来指代其它事物，并且有着各种替换规则。在本文中，作者尝试着将人名和地名的借代规则展示出来。一般说来，人名常有三种借代规则。第一是特殊称谓指代通称；第二是用作者名字指代其作品；第三是首创者指代首创事物。地名的借代规则也常分为三类。第一类是所在地指代机构或者组织；第二类是借产地指代产品；第三类是用地名借代某事物或者某物。

关键词：借代;  借体;  本体;  转义