中文摘要：本文研究盖斯凯尔小说《南方与北方》的主题。盖斯凯尔是英国维多利亚时期著名女作家，出版于1855年的《南方与北方》是其著名工业小说之一。小说描写了工业化的北方城市与传统农业的南方在文化上的冲突，也真实地再现了当时工人的苦难处境，尖锐的劳资矛盾，与该时代男女对立的社会问题。在小说的最后，所有的矛盾冲突都迎来了调停与和解。本文将探讨维多利亚时期工业化快速发展给人们带来的巨大变化与影响。这不仅可以帮助我们了解当时英国社会的发展趋势，也希望能帮助读者更好地理解盖斯凯尔的创作意图与人文关怀。本文发现对立双方的互相交流沟通对于解决文化冲突与劳资矛盾来说具有至关重要的作用。关于男女对立问题，男性与女性具有女性化或者男性化的一面可以有助于构建和谐生活。本文通过研究，体会到了盖斯凯尔对贫苦人民深切的同情与关怀。同时本文也认为该小说表达了盖斯凯尔本人对社会变革与进步问题的不同看法，这对读者有一定的启发与意义。

关键字： 《南方与北方》  盖斯凯尔  主题分析  冲突与融合

TABLE OF CONTENTS

中文摘要

ABSTRACT

Chapter One Introduction-1

Chapter Two Conflicts Reflected in North and South-3

2.1 General distinction between city and country-3

2.1.1 Difference in geography and living condition-3

2.1.2 Disparity in lifestyles and manners-4

2.1.3 Varied opinions on literature cultivation-5

2.2 Contradiction between labour and capital: a strike-6

2.2.1 Causes of the strike-6

2.2.2 Living Conditions of laborers during strike-6

2.2.3 Master’s reaction to the strike-7

2.3 Opposition between men and women-7

2.3.1 Men as the dominant role in family and society-8

2.3.2 Women as the “angel in the house”-8

Chapter Three Fusions Embodied in North and South-10

3.1 Accepting the advantages of opposing sides-10

3.1.1 Acceptance of industrial development by Margaret-10

3.1.2 Growth of humanistic spirit in Thornton-11

3.2 Reconciliation between masters and workers-12

3.2.1 John Thornton’ adjustment-12

3.2.2 Nicholas Higgins’ change-13

3.3 Complementation between men and women-14

3.3.1 Female temperament in men-14

3.3.2 Male temperament in women-15

Chapter Four Conclusion-16

REFERENCES-18

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS-19