摘要：本文设计了一个用于物体流量计数的计数器。本设计计数原理是利用了红外发射二极管和接受二极管对红外线的发射和接受来实现对是否有物体经过的判别，在没有物体经过的情况下，即使红外发射二极管发出红外线，红外接受二极管也接收不到红外线，只有当有物体经过时，红外光线经过物体的反射，红外接收二极管才能接收到红外线，此信号通过一个由NPN型三极管构成的放大电路和由集成电路NE555构成的整形电路来对红外线信号进行放大和整形，处理好的信号作为计数脉冲送入CD4518（二/十进制同步加计数器），最后通过七段数码管驱动器CD4511驱动LED显示器来实现对物体数目的显示，当计数满24时产生译码信号驱动继电器，使蜂鸣器报警，表示记数已满，可以转入下一级的操作。此计数器操作简单，计数准确，深受工厂、车间、超市等的青睐。

关键词：计数器；红外线；NE555；CD4518；CD4511

Abstract：This paper designs a for object flow count counter. The design of counting principle is the use of the infrared emitting diode and diode on the infrared emission and receiving to realize whether the objects through discriminate, in the absence of objects through cases, even if the infrared emitting diode emits infrared, infrared receiving diode also can not receive the infrared, only when an object passes through, the infrared light the reflective object, an infrared receiving diode can receive infrared, this signal by a NPN type triode amplifying circuit and formed by integrated circuit composed of NE555shaping circuit for infrared signals are amplified and plastic, processing good signal as the count pulse is sent to CD4518( two / decimal synchronous counter ), finally seven digital tube driver CD4511 to drive LED display to achieve the object number display, when the count was 24generating decoded signal to drive the relay, the buzzer alarm, said counting is full, can be transferred to the next level of operation. This counter has the advantages of simple operation, accurate count, by the factory, workshop, such as supermarket favor. 

Keywords: counter; infrared; NE555; CD4518; CD4511

目前，在工厂、车间中使用的许多计数器要么结构比较复杂，要么运行不可靠，且成本高，缺乏开发市场的潜力。我们学习知识的目的就是要学以致用，解决实际问题是我们学习的主要目的，因此，有针对性地开发出一套有实用价值物体流量计数器很有必要，本设计中利用红外发射、接收二极管的反射原理，只要有物体经过，就能瞬间做出反应，计数准确，且操作简单方便，所需的成本不高，能够满足市场的需求，能够帮助管理者解决实际生产中遇到的问题，具有现实意义。相信在不久的将来，这种物体流量计数器将会得到广泛的应用。