译文（字数 4072）：

合同方在起草一份合同时，通常会争取尽量减少在履行合同过程中可能发生的赔偿责任。具有这种效力的合同条款通常被称为“免责条款”或者“责任限制条款”。学术界对于合同法中此类条款的学理意义一直存在着争议。争议的核心在于这些条款的性质是“防御性的”还是“义务说明性的”。这在实际运用中的意义并不大，因为法庭和立法机构最近已经开始倾向于“防御性的”解释。这种“防御性的”观点大概在英国比在欧盟更为流行，这可能是导致发生本文介绍的一些问题的原因。免责条款通常试图免除或者限制对于因违反合同而引起的损失所应承担的赔偿责任，或合同外责任。合同外责任通常包括因错误陈述或者在履行合同过程中发生的疏忽而发生的损失。………………

外文原文（字符数 10935）：

外文出处：Macdonald, Elizabeth J...Exemption clauses and unfair terms [M]. London: Butterworths,2010.

It is commonplace for a party drawing up a contract to seek to minimise the amount of liability that may be incurred in the performance of that contract. Contractual clauses that have this effect are usually called `exclusion clauses' or `limitation clauses'. There is a whole academic debate about the doctrinal significance of these clauses in the law of contract. This debate centres on whether they are `defensive' or `obligation defining' in nature. This is of little practical significance, because the courts and, more recently, the legislature have come down in favour of the `defensive' interpretation. Arguably, this `defensive' view is more prevalent in the UK than the European Community (EC), and this may account for some of the problems that are described in this article. Exclusion clauses often attempt to exclude or limit liability for losses arising out………………