摘要:五四运动时期，出现了一大批才华横溢的女作家，庐隐便是其中的一位，也是最勇敢、最决绝、最有才情又最为敏感、最为孤独的一个。她自觉投身于文学创作并将其作品融入到社会文化潮流中去。文学生涯仅仅十余年，却取得了不菲的成绩，《灵海潮汐》、《曼丽》、《地上的乐园》等众多的作品都倾注了作者满怀热情，真实反映着作家创作个性、时代特征、社会环境，关注着恋爱婚姻、个性解放等社会问题。庐隐的文学作品中，无论是悲哀时期的《海滨故人》、《灵海潮汐》、《曼丽》，还是转变时期的《归雁》、《云鸥情书集》，或者开拓时期的《女人的心》、《情妇日记》，都在很大程度上带有个人精神自叙性质，折射着作者异于常人的精神境界，隐含着一股清冷的悲哀情调。本文通过对庐隐特殊的人生经历、时代文化影响、自身独特的女性生命体验以及小说创作的哀伤审美选择来探讨庐隐小说悲哀情调产生的根源。

关键词：庐隐；悲哀情调；人生经历；时代文化；女性生命体验

ABSTRACT:On the May Fourth Movement period, there had a large number of talent women writers. Luyin was the one of them, also she was the most brave, strong for struggling, outstanding, sensitive and lonely. She threw herself into literature creation, and combined her arts into social cultural trends. Only more than ten years’ literary career, she made very great achievement, she poured passion into the arts, for example Inspiration Waves, Manli, The paradise on groud and so on. They reflected the writer’s creation style, the times’ characteristics, social environment, and paid attention to these social problems of love and marriage, individual freedom. Luyin’ literary arts were with the property of the author’s preface in individual personal spirit, reflected the writer’s special spiritual realm, implicated a cold sorrow tone. Not only sorrow period’s arts of Old Friend at the Seaside, Inspiration Waves, Manli; but also changeable period’s arts of The Returning Goose, Cloud Gulls’ Love Letters; or the arts in development period of Women’s Heart, Mistress’s Diary. This paper by choosing Luyin’s special life experiences, times’ cultural background, her special woman life experience and the aesthetic of essay’s creating sorrow to exploring and discussing the root of sorrow tone in Luyin’s novels.

KeyWords: luyin; sorrow tone; life experiences; times’ culture; women’s life experience.

悲哀苦闷是庐隐小说的主要特点，形成这一特点的原因是多样的。首先，庐隐一生坎坷，她深受封建余毒的残害，历经了军阀的混战、教育的腐败、亲人朋友的离世，这些不平凡的经历以及庐隐个人内在的修养使她的思想不断成熟，形成矛盾孤独的性格特征，在创作小说时，悲愁苦闷成为了主要的基调。其次，庐隐是被“五四”的怒潮从封建的氛围中唤起的新女性，自觉的加入到了女性书写的队伍中，时代的兴奋使她作为女性的那颗寂寞的心得到淋漓尽致的宣泄，独泣与欢呼在其作品中如影随形。另外，庐隐还受到叔本华的悲观主义哲学和中国传统婉约美的影响，生活、欲望、痛苦遂成为庐隐文学作品的关键词。所以，形成以悲为美的审美特征，并将其运用到文学创作中，创作出许多悲哀情调为主的优秀小说，成就其独特的文学地位。