摘要:《儒林外史》是我国文学史上第一部杰出的全面反映知识分子命运的长篇章回体讽刺小说，小说通过描写科举制度使知识分子的心灵扭曲和封建礼教对人性的毒害，对中国封建统治下稳定的思想文化体系产生了怀疑，并对其封建统治下的政治型文化和道德型文化进行了反思。本文就这两种文化形态在清朝中末年间的异化变质，以及作者吴敬梓的亲身经历，来阐述《儒林外史》对中国稳定的思想文化体系的批判及作者对理想中的新文化的模糊向往。

关键词  政治型文化，道德型文化，理想文化，反思，批判

ABSTRACT:The scholars is the first outstanding novel that reflect the fate of intellectuals of defects comprehensively in satirical novels in our country history, the novel by describing the imperial examination system make the heart of intellectuals and the feudal ethical code poison to human nature and stability of China’s feudal rule of doubt thought culture system, and the feudal rule of politics-oriented to reflect on the culture and moral culture. In this paper, the two kinds of cultural forms in the Qing dynasty and at the end of the alienation of metamorphism, and the author Jingzi Wu’s experience, elaborated the scholars criticism of China’s stable system of ideology and culture, and the author vague yearning for an idea new culture.

Key words: Politics-oriented culture, Moral culture, Ideal culture, Reflection, Criticism