[摘要]本文简要叙述余华九十年代的长篇小说风格的转变，以《活着》与《许三观卖血记》这两部小说为例。通过对文本的分析阐述主人公福贵和许三观在他们的人生轨迹中所遇到的生活上的苦难，分析苦难中的特定的社会历史原因。在这种历史原因下作品的主人公分别以认命式与拆补式的方法超越苦难，主人公根深蒂固的思想和作者余华的观点是主人公们能够在逆境中超越苦难的原因，在这两部作品中所肯定了中国人民在苦难中坚韧的精神，以及作者余华向我们体现出的人文关怀的精神。

[关键词] 余华; 小说; 苦难; 超越苦难; 《活着》; 《许三观卖血记》

[Abstract] Based on the ninety's novel "alive" and "Xu Sanguan blood-selling legend" as an example. Through the analysis of the text, the protagonist Forgui and Xu Sanguan encountered in their path in life in the life of suffering, suffering in the analysis of the specific social and historical reasons. In this historical reason of the protagonist, respectively, to resign and remove complement method to dilute the suffering, the protagonist ingrained thought and author Yu Hua view is reason why the hero who can in the face of adversity to dilute the suffering, in the two works are certainly the Chinese people suffering mental toughness, and author Yu Hua embodies the spirit of humanistic concern to us.

[Key words] Yu Hua; suffering; exceed the suffering; "alive"; "Xu Sanguan blood-selling legend"