【摘要】随着我国改革开放的深入发展，城市社区建设的进程不断加快，已初步完成从单位制到社区制的转型。社区居民政治参与的问题也引发了越来越多的思考，社区居民有序的政治参与对社会民主的发展具有重要意义。但是现有研究表明，当前仍有诸多因素，如体制障碍、路径依赖等制约着居民的政治参与。笔者拟以余姚市凤山街道的社区居民为研究对象，通过问卷调查与实地访谈的方法，从城市社区居民的政治参与需求这一视角出发，分析居民在社区政治事务关注与参与的过程中的存在问题，并就问题产生的原因进行进一步探析，最后从参与主体、参与环境、体制建设等角度入手，就如何扩大城市社区居民有序的政治参与提出相应的对策与建议，为推动公民社会发展和社区民主建设献计献策。 

【关键词】  社区居民，政治参与，社区民主，余姚市凤山街道

【Abstract】With the further development of China's reform and opening-up, the speed of the construction of urban community has been accelerating, leading to a preliminary transition from unit system to community system. The problem of the political participation of community residents has also led to more and more reflections. The orderly political participation of community residents is of great significance to the development of social democracy. However, the existing studies have shown that there are still a number of factors, such as the system obstacles, path dependency, etc. restricting the political participation of residents. Taking the community residents in Fengshan Street, Yuyao City as the study objects, and from the angle of community residents' needs for political participation, then by means of questionnaires and spot interviews, firstly, the author intends to analyze the results and problems in residents' attention and participation in the community political affairs. Secondly, the author makes a further analysis of the causes. Finally, from the angle of participants, environment and system construction, etc. the author puts forward corresponding countermeasures to the expansion of orderly political participation of urban community residents, making contributions to the development of civil society as well as the construction of community democracy.

【Key Words】   Community Residents，Political Participation，Community Democracy，Fengshan Street, Yuyao City

本文立足于现实情况，以余姚市凤山街道居民为调查对象，重点对社区居民政治参与的现状进行调查，首先对当地社区居民进行问卷调查对社区工作人员进行访谈，对调查样本进行统计。再从已得到的数据中进行分析，得出当前城市社区居民政治参与的存在问题，并从外在内在两方面对问题产生原因进行探究，最后从政府、社区、居民三个角度入手提出一些能提高居民政治参与的意识、完善社区政治参与制度保障、还原居委会社区自治功能等作用的适应当前我国国情和社区运行机制的解决对策，以期为推动社区民主发展献计献策。