摘要:我国民事诉讼法赋予人民检察院享有民事抗诉监督权，但是现行法律关于检察机关对于民事抗诉的规定过于笼统，一些规定不够科学，导致实践中对民事抗诉再审的范围、事由、抗诉期限、结案方式、检察机关地位等问题产生较大的分歧，影响了民事抗诉再审制度在实践中作用的发挥，因而需要规范民事抗诉再审制度，规范检察机关在案件审理中的地位和职能，规范人民法院对民事抗诉再审案件的审理。因此，笔者通过我国的具体情况，同时比较日本、法国、德国相关制度对完善民事抗诉再审制度提出完善的建议。

关键词：民事诉讼；民事抗诉；抗诉时限；抗诉范围；抗诉事由

Abstract:The our country civil procedure law of the people's procuratorate to enjoy civil protest supervision, but the current laws on the procuratorial organs for the provisions of the civil protest too general, some regulations is not quite scientific, lead to practice in protest of the scope of the civil retrial, reason, a protest against a time limit, settlement, the procuratorial organs status have great differences, the impact of the civil retrial system in practice protest function, thus need to regulate civil protest retrial system, regulating the procuratorial organs in the case of position and function, regulate the people's court to the civil retrial protest the hearing of the case. Therefore, the author of the specific situations of China, at the same time, Japan, France, Germany is related to perfect the system of civil protest puts forward the Suggestions for improving the retrial system.

Key words: Civil litigation；Civil protest； Protest time limit ；A protest against a range ；Protest reason

　　　我国民事抗诉再审制度是指人民检察院依照法定职权通过诉讼程序，对人民法院所作出的确有错误的民事判决、裁定要求进行改判的审判监督制度。它是我国法律监督制度中一项具体制度。但是，随着我国依法治国方略的实施，社会主义市场经济制度的建立，民事诉讼理念的变更，民事审判方式改革的深入和诉讼法制化程度的提高，现行民事抗诉再审制度在立法和审判实践上的种种弊端越来越凸现。笔者认为，有必要对现行的民事抗诉再审制度进行检讨。本文具体阐述完善民事抗诉再审制度的必要性，分析现行民事抗诉再审制度存在的问题，同时比较日本、法国、德国的相应制度，提出完善的建议，从而利于法律的运行。