摘要：近年来，我国的重大环境污染事故仍然屡禁不止，环境污染愈演愈烈。由于立法规定的局限，我国现行刑法对环境监管失职罪的规定并不能满足现实形势发展的需要。随着对环境监管失职罪研究的深入，笔者越发发觉该罪在理论上与实践操作上的复杂性。本文立足于中外刑法理论和实践，对环境监管失职罪的概念、特征、犯罪构成、判断标准及刑罚处罚问题进行了研究，并提出了自己的主张和见解。但由于本人的能力所限，对其中诸多问题理论研究深度不够，还有一些方面考虑得不够周全，希望在以后的研究中加以完善。我国司法实践部门如何科学合理地对“环境监管失职罪”予以界定也尚待进一步研究。以期通过对本罪的研究，进一步完善和健全环境保护对我国刑事法律的现实需要，从而保障社会的可持续发展。

关键词：环境监管失职罪；监督过失理论；因果关系；间接故意

Abstract：Under the conditions of market economy, we must use the market mechanism to protect the environment, cultivate essential environmental market, set up economy inspirit system and mobilize the enthusiasm of principal part of the market． Environmental protection and pollution control has become all important component of the worlds’ government’s policies and laws．It is a typical market-based instruments for environmental protection, it call be coordination the contradiction well between economic development and environmental quality, and balance the two optimized．The text points out to clarify the emission rights, the concept and nature of the role of emissions trading, based on the emissions trading scheme introduced in detail the necessity, feasibility and superiority． And all levels of government to carry out some of the Emission Trading items were introduced and analyzed. Then the status of environmental pollution in our country to further explore the implementation of emission trading in China the main problems, the last of the current legal framework based on the emissions trading system under the building made specific recommendations, and the operation of the security measures put forward perfection．

Key Words：pollutant discharge right ；the pollution  permits trading； marketable pollution permits； original distribution；total amount control