论环境犯罪中的相对严格责任制度

—从重大环境污染事故罪谈起

【摘要】伴随着经济和工业化的迅猛发展，环境污染日益严重。而在惩治环境犯罪的过程中，由于环境犯罪的特殊性，特别是在主观心态的认定上，非常困难，导致对环境犯罪的惩治力度不够。因此，应当将相对严格责任引入环境犯罪。相对严格责任制度与罪过责任相符是环境犯罪中适用该制度的理论基础。并由此引发了思考，将行为型严格责任，情节型严格责任，结果型严格责任适用到环境犯罪中。

【关键词】环境犯罪 相对严格责任 行为型严格责任 情节型严格责任 结果型严格责任

【Abstract】With the rapid economic and industrial development, environmental pollution is getting worse and worse. While it is deadly difficult during the process of punishing environmental crimes, especially in the aspects of identification of the subjective state of mind due to the specificity of environmental crimes, thus leading to inadequate punishment toward environmental crimes. Therefore, the relatively strict liability should be introduced to the environmental crimes. Relatively strict liability regime consistent with the sin responsibility is the theoretical basis of the system in environmental crimes. While arouses some thinkings: the behavior-based, plot-based and result-based strict liability should be applicable to the environmental crimes.

【Key words】Environmental Crime; Relatively strict liability;  Behavior-based strict liability; Plot-based strict liability; Result-based strict liability