内容摘要：古希腊孕育了公、私法二元对立的政治法律理念，古罗马继承了古希腊公、私法二元对立的政治法律理念，并发明了公法与私法的划分标准。罗马法学家关于公、私法划分标准的理论，在资本主义国家的立法中得到了真正的实现。在20世纪，西方国家公法和私法划分的二元结构理论受到了严峻的挑战。传统的公、私法划分标准存在缺陷，这种二元结构的法律体系已无法包括新出现的法律门类。当代中国确立了公法、私法、社会法三部类构成的三维法律结构。从我国现有法律制度角度来考察，公法主要包括宪法法律制度、行政法律规范、诉讼法律规范、刑事法律规范，以及规范国家经济管理行为的法律规范；私法的主要内容包括产权制度、主体制度和交易规则三部分，如民法法律规范和商法法律规范等；社会法主要包括经济法、劳动法和社会保障法等法律规范。

关键词：公法  私法  划分标准  法律体系

Abstract: Ancient Greece created the concept of public and private law. The Roman inherited the ancient Greek and invented the division of public and private law standard .The Roman Jurists’ the public and private law and the standard theory become true in capitalist countries’ legislations. In the 20th century, public and private law has been a severe challenge in Western countries. Traditional public and private law standards flawed. The legal system has been unable to include new legal categories. China has established a public, private, social law composed of three-dimensional category of legal structure. From our point of view to examine the existing legal system, public law including constitutional, administrative laws, litigation laws, criminal laws and regulations, national economic management laws; private law including civil laws and commercial laws; social law including economic laws, labor laws and social security laws.

Key words: Public Law, Private Law, Classification Criteria, Legal system