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分类:经济与贸易 论文字数:10867 需要金币:500个
摘要:外汇储备是国际储备中最重要的组成部分。近年来我国外汇储备保持着高速增长的趋势,截至2012年12月我国外汇储备规模已达33115.89亿美元,稳居全球第一。的确,充足的外汇储备不仅提高了我国的国际地位,增强了对外支付能力,而且在很大程度上支持了我国经济增长和社会改革。但过多的外汇储备会对一国经济造成很大的影响,例如增加本币的升值压力,加剧国内通货膨胀压力,造成外汇资金的闲置和浪费,降低央行资金使用效率等。所以,探讨我国外汇储备适度规模的问题具有重要意义。本文根据我国的实际情况,对阿格沃尔模型进行了修正并通过数据计算我国适度的储备规模。通过比较我国实际的和适度的外汇储备规模,本文得出了当前我国外汇储备规模过大的结论。从长期来看,这样的规模并不利于我国经济的发展。因此在分析实证结果的基础上,本文结尾探讨了我国高额外汇储备的形成原因,并且提出了完善我国外汇储备规模管理的建议,尽可能的使我国保持适度的外汇储备规模,保证我国的经济持续健康的发展。
关键词:外汇储备;适度规模;阿格沃尔模型
ABSTRACT:Foreign exchange reserve is the most important part of international reserve assets. The foreign exchange reserve of our country has been increasing sharply recent years. By the end of 2012 it has amounted to $3311.589 billion, which has the largest scale of foreign exchange reserve in the world. Certainly, adequate foreign exchange reserve not only improve China’s international status and the ability of foreign payments but also largely support China’s economic growth and social reforms. However, excessive foreign exchange reserve would significantly affect one country’s economy, such as increasing pressure on the currency, increasing domestic inflation pressures, resulting in foreign exchange funds idle and waste, reducing the efficiency of central bank funds. So, it is important to probe into the appropriate scale of foreign exchange reserve. So, based on our country’s actual situation, this paper modified the Agarwal Model and calculate the optimal size of our country’s foreign exchange reserve. Analyzed the actual and optimal size of our country’s foreign exchange reserve, this paper draw a conclusion that the size of our country’s foreign exchange reserve is too big. In the long run, this actual size is not benefit for our country’s economic development. Therefore, in the last part, this paper based on the analysis of results discusses the causes of huge foreign exchange reserve and puts forward relevent policy suggestions for how to manage current foreign exchange reserve in order to maintain an appropriate foreign exchange reserve and realize the sustainable and healthy development of our economy.
Keywords: foreign exchange reserve; appropriate size; Agarwal Model
目前我国外汇储备已经稳居世界第一,并且保持着快速增长的趋势。我国的外汇储备规模是否适度?是什么原因使得我国的外汇储备处于如今的状态?如果我国外汇储备过多,应该如何管理外汇储备来保证我国经济健康稳定的发展?针对这些问题,本文采用2003-2012年这十年各经济变量的数据,对阿格沃尔模型进行修正,并对我国的外汇储备适度规模进行了具体的测算。根据以上研究,得出以下结论:
第一,近年来我国外汇储备高额增长是我国经济整体运行良好、国际收支“双顺差”、外债尤其短期外债迅速增加、大量外商直接投资流入等因素综合作用的表现。
第二,本文以阿格沃尔模型为基础,但由于此模型的局限性,所以根据我国的实际情况对其进行修正,得出测量我国外汇储备适度规模的模型,并对2003-2012年间的外汇储备进行了实证研究,得出结论:2003-2012年这十年间的外汇储备量过高。
第三,根据本文的实证分析结果,应该从如何控制目前外汇储备规模进行政策建议,以此使我国的外汇储备适应我国经济的发展需要。根据实证结果分析,可以调整经济发展战略,平衡国际收支;进一步改革外汇体制,向意愿结售汇过度;适当放开汇率波动的幅度,提高货币政策的独立性。从而使我国的超额外汇储备可以得到更好的应用。