摘要：近年来，由于农村人口老龄化、药价上涨以及检查费用高等原因，越来越大的农民无法承担一场大病所带来的经济负担，最基本的生存权难以得到保障，“因病致贫”“因病返贫”的现象普遍。农民的医疗卫生问题已超出了问题本身，解决好农民看病难、看病贵的问题，不仅仅是尊重农民最基本的健康权，更是公平、公正的和谐社会的必然要求。

     本文通过与传统农村合作医疗制度的对比，介绍新型农村合作医疗制度（以下简称“新农合”）的新特点以及实施的现状，比如：参合率、覆盖率等等，指出新农合在发展过程中已取得的成绩和仍然存在的漏洞，分别从筹资渠道、政府管制、完善医疗保障基金管理、提高基本医疗保障服务质量等方面深入分析，并且分析国外成功案例，加以借鉴，最后得出相关的解决措施。

关键字：新型农村合作医疗制度  医疗保障  资金筹集  政府管理

Abstract: In recent years，more and more peasants can`t afford a serious attack of ill，because of the aging of population，the higher and higher drug price and cost of examination. In the Chinese rural area，many peasants lost their basic right of survival and the problem of poverty caused by illness is becoming serious. To work hard to solve the problem of the difficulty and high cost of getting medical service，is not only the respect of the peasants` rights of life and health，but also the need of harmonious society.

　　　This paper starts from the discussion of the features and the current status of the new-style rural cooperative medical system（CMS） by contrast of the traditional ones，such as the rate of attending and coverage. And then analyses both the success and the defects of carrying out the CMS with the development of the CMS. The main parts of this paper analyze in depth from the aspects of financing channel，government-management，management of funds and the quality of medical service and so on. Besides these，this paper also analyses and uses the experience of other countries` successful cases. In the last，through the discussion，put forward a few suggestions to solve the problem.

Key words：  new rural cooperative medical system  medical care  raising funds  government-management