摘要

在当今快速发展的社会中，汽车变成了人类最重要的交通工具，随着汽车动力的不断提高和汽车电子技术的高速发展，人们对汽车制动性能的要求也越来越高。制动性能的好坏，直接影响了汽车的安全性和平稳性，所以，本文从提高制动系统的工作性能的角度出发，对制动系统的发展历史，制动系统的功用和工作原理进行简单的叙述，讲解制动系统各总成的分类和组成，比较各制动系统总成的优缺点。同时，选用液力、前盘后股汽车制动系统为例，进行设计。设计过程包括：制动力的计算（其中包括前后制动器在空载和满载情况下的状况、前后制动器结构参数的匹配校核、安装感载比例阀后的法规校核）、真空助力制动总泵的参数确定及踏板力校核、制动距离和制动减速度计算、驻车制动的计算。并运用Matlab软件绘制了相关函数图，同时分析函数图，力求提高汽车的安全性和平稳性。最终设计出一套满足该微型汽车的制动系统。

关键词：汽车，制动系统，匹配计算，Matlab

Abstract

　　　In today's fast-developing society, the automobile has become human being’s most important vehicle. With the continuous improvement of automobile power and fast development of automobile electronic technology, people has demanded more and more about the automobile brake performance. Actually, the capability of the automobile braking system directly affects the security and stability of an automobile. Therefore, from the aspect of the improvement of the braking system’s working performance, this paper simply introduces the developing history, function and working principles of the braking system, then explains the classification and composition of each assembly, and compare the advantages and disadvantages of each assembly of the braking system. At the same time, take the automobile braking system with liquid-power, front-disc and rear-drum as an example to make the design. The design process includes braking force calculation (including the front and rear braking system’s statuses under the situation of fully loaded and empty loaded, the matching check of front and rear braking system’s structure parameters and the regulation checking after installing the Loading Sensing Pressure Proportoining Valve), vacuum booster general braking pump’s parameters determination, pedal force’s checking, calculations of braking distance and deceleration and calculation of parking brake. Finally this paper uses Matlab Software to draw the relevant function diagrams, analyzes the function diagrams, strives to improve the security and stability of an automobile. Eventually designs an braking system which can satisfy this micro automobile.

Key Words: Automobile, braking system, matching check, Matlab