摘要：民工荒现象已经成为社会各界关注的焦点。本文从农民工市场的供求矛盾，农民工自身的机会成本和制度经济学角度对民工荒现象进行浅析，并提出如下建议：对农民工进行培训再教育以改善用工结构性短缺；转变经济发展方式以实现农民工合理分配；完善用工制度以保障农民工权益；提高农民工待遇以平衡其机会成本；加强对农民工的人文关怀，增强其城市生活幸福感。

关键词：民工荒   供求矛盾  机会成本  制度经济学

Abstract: Shortage of migrant workers has become the focus of attention of the community. This article from the market supply and demand contradiction of migrant workers, migrant workers own opportunity cost and institutional economics perspective on the phenomenon of, and puts forward suggestions as follows: to migrant workers training and education to improve the employment structural shortage; changing the mode of economic development in order to realize the reasonable distribution of migrant workers; perfect the employment system to ensure the rights of migrant workers；migrant workers to improve the treatment of balance the opportunity cost；on the migrant workers to strengthen the humanities concern, enhance the city life happiness.

Key words:  Shortage of migrant workers   supply and demand contradiction   opportunity cost     system economics

　　金融危机以来，民工荒现象的再度侵袭一方面对我国经济的复苏造成了消极的影响，另一方面也是对我国实现农民工群体有效管理的一种倒逼。成功化解民工荒难题，有利于实现农民工市民化，有利于增强我国经济发展的人力资源优势。而如何化解民工荒难题？本文认为，可以从加强农民工的技能文化培训，改善农民工队伍供给结构；转变经济发展方式，改善农民工用工需求结构，实现农民工资源合理配置；完善农民工用工制度，保障农民工合法权益等三方面解决民工荒难题。