内容摘要：医疗过失的认定作为医疗侵权案件的核心问题，一直受到医学界与法学界的共同关注，也因其专业性、技术性等特征而成为实践中的难点所在。尤其是在《侵权责任法》颁布之后，医疗过失认定的法学基础发生了新的变化。因此，在民事侵权理论的框架之下对医疗过失的认定作出梳理与探讨具有重要价值。本文将从侵权法理论的角度对医疗过失的认定进行讨论，首先在阐述分析医疗过失一般理论和相关学说的基础之上，对各学说及有关理论相互间的关系进行阐释，在此基础上总结出认定医疗过失的具体标准、抽象标准以及学术标准，并结合医疗过失的分类及实例进行具体阐述，最后分析相关影响因素、辅助性规则的运用，以及否定医疗过失的事由，以期探讨出较为完善的医疗过失认定体系。

关键词：医疗过失 认定标准 注意义务 医疗水准

Abstract: As the core problem of the medical tort case, the recognition of medical malpractice is always be concerned by both field of medical and law. And it is also difficult to recognize the medical malpractice in practice because of its professional and technical characters and so on. Particularly since the promulgation of “Tort Law of the People's Republic of China”, its law science basic has changed a lot. So, it is very important to study on how to recognize the medical malpractice under the theory of civil tort. It will mainly discuss the recognition of medical malpractice from the view of the theory of civil tort in this article. First, we will expound the general theory and some academic viewpoints, analyze the relationship of them. And then, summed up the specific, abstract and the academic standard to recognize the medical malpractice, discussed it combined with its classification and some cases. At last, with the analysis of the related influencing factors, the application of the aided rules, and the explaining of the exemptions, the paper try to establishment a better system of the recognition of medical malpractice.

Key words: medical malpractice, recognition, attention obligation, medical level